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Basma ((アラビア語:بسمة), (ヘブライ語:בסמ"ה)) is an Israeli Arab local council located in the Wadi Ara area of the Haifa District. The local council was formed in 1995 through the consolidation of the villages of Barta'a West, Ein as-Sahala, and Muawiya; Basma is an acronym of the villages' names. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, the locality had a population of 8,045 in 2011. ==History== In 1882, during Ottoman rule, the Palestine Exploration Fund's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described Barta'a as "a ruined Arabic village on a high hill, with a spring in the valley to the north 400 feet below."〔Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. (51 )〕 The name, given at the time as Bertah was taken to mean "cutting".〔Palmer, 1881, p. (144 )〕 The name 'Ain es Saleh, meaning "the spring of the plain" was noted, but not otherwise described.〔Palmer, 1881, p. (143 )〕 By Kh. el Mâwîyeh they found "a small ruined khan, of no great antiquity, on the road, near a spring."〔Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. (61 )〕 The name at the time was Khurbet el Mâwîyeh, meaning "the ruin of the place of shelter (a ruined caravanserai)."〔Palmer, 1881, p. (149 )〕 In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Barta'a had a population of 468,〔Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. 30〕 and Mawiyeh one of 112, all Muslim.〔 Barta'as population increased according to the 1931 census to 692, still all Muslims, in 94 houses,〔Mills, 1932, p. ( 67 )〕 while Mu'awiya had 141 people in 30 houses.〔Mills, 1932, p. ( 69 )〕 In 1945 Barta'a (including ''Khirbat Tura el Gharbiya'') had a population of 1,000 Arabs with 20,499 dunams of land, according to an official land and population survey.〔Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. (54 )〕 464 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 1,957 dunams for cereals,〔Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. (98 )〕 while 1,900 dunams were non-cultivable land.〔Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. (148 )〕 The population of Mu'awiya was counted with that of Umm al-Fahm.〔Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. (55 ),(100 ), (150 )〕 Andrew Petersen, an archaeologist specialising in Islamic architecture, surveyed the ancient shrine at ''Muawiya'' in 1994. According to local tradition, ''Muawiya'' had been a soldier in the army of Saladin.〔Petersen, 2001, p. 223〕 He had been killed in a battle close by the village, and he and twelve of his men were been buried here.〔 The shrine, named ''Shaykh Muawiya,'' is a domed square building, with the entrance to the north. The floor of the shrine is about 0,3 meters below the surface, and contain a cenotaph, incorporating marble columns. There is a mihrab in the wall to the south, just behind the cenotaph, and the west wall has a window.〔 According to local tradition the shrine was built about 100 years ago. However, Petersen found that the structure itself suggested it was considerably older, with rebuilding in the late nineteenth century.〔 ==Demographics== As of the census of 2008, Basma had 7,600 residents, of whom 99.8% were Muslim. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Basma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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